特定の環境下で中長期的に根付く、法令等による定めのない雇用分野に関する慣習のこと。具体的には、労働者の就業形態や賃金の設定基準、さらには労働組合の性質に関する慣習を指すことが多い。
主には、経済的、社会的、文化的要因に起因して形成されるため、一般的に国によって雇用慣行は異なる。
なお、戦後の日本の高度経済成長を支えた雇用形態は、「日本型雇用慣行」と呼ばれ、①終身雇用、②年功序列、③企業別組合の3つの特徴からなる。
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